Desde un punto de vista semántico-literario abordaremos el modo en que Joaquín Antonio Peñalosa se ha basado en los Ejercicios espirituales de San Ignacio de Loyola para la elaboración de su obra poética Ejercicios para las bestezuelas de Dios, un libro cuyos protagonistas son animales, donde adapta a su lenguaje poético, especialmente al franciscanismo poético, el itinerario ignaciano a seguir para alcanzar la unión con Dios. Nuestro propósito es comparar ambos textos para hacer objetiva una relación que evoca el (...) título de la obra peñalosiana, pero que aún no se había realizado de modo explícito. De tal trabajo concluiremos que Peñalosa sigue la misma estructura argumental que los Ejercicios de san Ignacio para lograr los mismos fines ascéticos, evidenciando así que el libro del mexicano es poesía ascética de estilo franciscano, con raíces en San Ignacio. (shrink)

In the wake of corporate ethical scandals that have harmed millions of employees and investors, there has been an increase in the number of works written in the last decade, which aim to answer one apparently simple question: what causes unethical behavior, and what can we do, if anything, to prevent similar transgressions in the future? The extensive research around this question is the best proof of its real complexity as the challenge of disentangling the background of ethical behavior has (...) obvious academic and practical interest. This study aims to take a further step toward that goal. Much research has noted the impact of multiple aspects of organizational contexts on individuals’ ethical behavior. However, studies that analyze the impact of organizational learning capability (OLC) on employees’ ethical behavior are few and far between. This was the first aim of this study. The second centered on gaining a deeper understanding of the relationship between OLC and ethical behavior by analyzing the mediating role of employability and organizational commitment. We tested our hypotheses through a structural equation methodology applied to a sample of 641 workers from 166 Spanish consultancy firms and found a positive, direct relationship between OLC and employability, OLC and organizational commitment, employability and organizational commitment, and organizational commitment and ethical behavior. (shrink)

Publicamos dos obras desconocidas de Ellacuria: "Comunicación y trabajo" y "El sentido de la historia". Ambos textos han permanecido inéditos porque su elaboración no había sido completada. Sin embargo, muestran dos aspectos de este pensamiento l filosófico es tan interesante que podría ser necesario para que los estudiosos les tengan en cuenta la importancia del trabajoy comunicación para la realidad personal y si la historia tiene un sentido o no y cuál podría ser este sentido.

The aim of this research is to analyze the effects of innovation strategies, Total Quality Management dimensions, and internationalization strategies that Higher Education Institutions might adopt, and their effects on their organizational performance. Due to globalization and the constant changes and demands that have taken place today, HEIs are forced to seek new quality assurance instruments in higher education, to ensure greater competitiveness in the markets and their survival. To examine the association between the independent variables, namely, TQM dimensions, innovation (...) strategies, and internationalization strategies with the dependent variable, that is organizational performance of HEIs, we have chosen to use multiple linear regression analysis. A nine-predictor multiple linear regression model was proposed. The nine predictor variables are Communication, Involvement/teacher empowerment, Development/Teacher training, Continuous improvement, Leadership/Administration’s Commitment, Data analysis/Measurement of results, Focus on students, Innovation Strategies, and Internationalization strategy. We conclude that some TQM variables have a significant association with the organizational performance of HEIs, namely, Involvement/teacher empowerment, and Development/teacher training. On the other hand, also the Innovation strategies and Internationalization strategy have a significant association with the organizational performance of HEIs. This research is of enormous importance for the study of HEIs, considering their role in the development of any country and its impact on society as creators of knowledge and science. Since these institutions increasingly must deal with extremely competitive market environments, knowledge of the factors that can assist in increasing the organizational performance of HEIs is of great relevance. (shrink)

In this commentary to Leal (2013), we argue that the memorization of the names and symbols of the chemical elements is necessary in the study of that topic because this task is the key for the later understanding of the Periodic Table. We can make the memorization task in an enjoyable, but effective way, using some educational games in chemistry class. Some recent puzzles, card games, mnemonics rules or games based on drawings to learn the chemical elements are addressed in (...) this paper. (shrink)

Las fuentes judiciales han demostrado ser documentos que, leídos a contrapelo, permiten acceder a información sobre los sectores subalternos, particularmente prácticas que, de no haber sido consideradas criminales por los grupos de poder, probablemente no hubiesen dejado registros. En esta ocasión se presenta la transcripción y análisis del proceso que tuvo lugar durante 1728 en Chiloé en el que se juzga a Juan Mequeb, indio de encomienda habitante de la isla de Quenac, de haber causado la muerte de Antonia, mujer (...) indígena que vivía en la misma isla. Si bien tanto españoles como nativos acudían a Mequeb para tratar diversas afecciones de salud, la lectura de las actas nos deja ver que estos mismos sujetos sospechaban que dichos males eran causados por el acusado mediante brujería como forma de obtener beneficios personales y venganza. Se trata de un documento inédito de veinte fojas escrito en recto y verso, cuyo análisis nos permite observar cuestiones vinculadas tanto acerca de las creencias en la brujería entre los habitantes españoles, mestizos e indígenas de la zona, la interacción entre los sistemas de creencia, el rol de los rumores en la construcción de narrativas y las prácticas terapéuticas de origen nativo. (shrink)

PresentaciónSr. Rector; Sr. Presidente de la Junta Directiva; Sres. Miembros de la Junta Directiva; Sres. Vicerrectores; Sres. Decanos; Sres. Directivos; Sres. Integrantes de la Comunidad Bolivariana; Sres. Invitados especiales; Señoras y Señores:La obra intelectual de Joaquín García RocaEs un honor y a la vez un placer para mí realizar el laudatio del Doctor Joaquín García Roca, conocido como “Ximo” para quienes nos preciamos de ser sus amigos. Yo tuve el regalo de poder conocerlo en el otoñ..

Resumen: El propósito de este artículo es explorar en el contexto de Shanghái la manera en que se revelan, definen y cuestionan las distancias y las cercanías entre las culturas china y española a través de los lienzos pictóricos de Juan Antonio Baños. Su nomadismo o condición de extranjero va a plantear algunas dudas sobre la identidad y el lugar que el artista ocupa en el mundo contemporáneo, además de sugerir algunos patrones según los cuales las fronteras desaparecen, mientras (...) que otras nuevas son erigidas. El mero gesto de Baños de traducir los trazos encontrados en la ciudad de Shanghái por medio de un tejido de dislocaciones y citaciones incita una sinfonía heterogénea de espacios y tiempos variados que amplifican las posibilidades de conocimiento artístico entre Oriente y Occidente. Ante el análisis de un panorama poscolonial contemporáneo que va del hiperrealismo barroco a una epistemología retro futurista de la ciudad, pasando por el arte pop kitsch, el artículo muestra como este itinerario de traducción transcultural nos desplaza hacia un periodo post-paradigmático.: The purpose of this article is to explore in the context of Shanghai in regards to the distances and closeness between Chinese and Spanish cultures are revealed, defined and questioned, through the pictorial canvases of Juan Antonio Baños. His nomadism or status as a foreigner will raise some doubts about the identity and the place that the artist occupies in the contemporary world. In addition, the contemporaneity of his work suggests some effects according to which the borders disappear, while new ones are erected. The mere gesture of Baños´ artwork in attempting to translate the traces of Shanghai by means of a world of dislocations and citations incites a heterogeneous symphony of varied spaces and times that amplify the possibilities of artistic knowledge between East and West. Drawing from the analysis of a postcolonial framework that stretches from baroque hyperrealism to retro-futurist epistemologies of the city, right up to a kitsch pop art, the article claims that this translatable cultural itinerary displaces the ways of understanding contemporary art in China towards a post-paradigmatic period. (shrink)

The World Health Organization has declared a world pandemic due to COVID-19. In response, most affected countries have enacted measures involving compulsory confinement and restrictions on free movement, which likely influence citizens' lifestyles. This study investigates changes in health risk behaviors with duration of confinement. An online cross-sectional survey served to collect data about the Spanish adult population regarding health behaviors during the first 3 weeks of confinement. A large sample of participants from all Spanish regions completed the survey. Binomial (...) logistic regressions adjusted for socioeconomic characteristics, body mass index, previous HRBs, and confinement context were conducted to investigate associations between the number of weeks confined and a set of six HRBs. When adjusted, we observed significantly lower odds of experiencing a higher number of HRBs than before confinement overall in a time-dependent fashion: OR 0.63; 95% CI: 0.49–0.81 for the second and OR 0.47; 95% CI: 0.36–0.61 for the third week of confinement. These results were equally consistent in all age and gender subgroup analyses. The present study indicates that changes toward a higher number of HRBs than before confinement, as well as the prevalence of each HRB except screen exposure, decreased during the first 3 weeks of COVID-19 confinement, and thus the Spanish adult population may have adapted to the new situational context by gradually improving their health behaviors. (shrink)

This article serves as an introduction to the collection of papers in this monographic issue on "What the European tradition can teach about Corporate Social Responsibility" and presents the rationale and the main hypotheses of the project. We maintain that corporate social responsibility (CSR) is an ethical concept, that the demands for socially responsible actions have been around since before the Industrial Revolution and that companies have responded to them, especially in Europe, and that the content of CSR has evolved (...) over time, depending on historical, cultural, political, and socio-economic drivers and particular conditions in different countries and also at different points in time. Therefore, there is not — and probably cannot be — a unique, precise definition of CSR: one global standard for CSR is unlikely. (shrink)

The ‘bat and ball’ is one of the problems most frequently employed as a testbed for research on the dual-system hypothesis of reasoning. Frederick (J Econ Perspect 19:25–42, 2005) is the first to envisage the possibility that different numerical arrangements of the ‘bat and ball’ problem could lead to different dynamics of activation of the dual-system, and so to different performances of subjects in task accomplishment. This possibility has triggered a strand of research oriented to accomplish ‘sensitivity analyses’ of the (...) ‘bat and ball’ problem. The scope of this paper is to test experimentally the specific hypothesis that numerals are responsible for the selective activation of the two systems of reasoning in this task. In particular, we argue that their role goes beyond and cannot be reduced to that of numbers conceived as magnitudes. To test our hypothesis, we devise an experimental setting in which the role of numbers (as magnitudes) is rendered irrelevant. We find experimental results consistent with our hypothesis. We further provide a link between the literature on mathematical problem-solving and that on mathematical cognition research, in particular that branch labeled embodied mathematical cognition. (shrink)

INCONTINENCE, HONOURING SUNK COSTS AND RATIONALITY According to a basic principle of rationality, the decision to engage in a course of action should be determined solely by the analysis of its consequences. Thus, considerations associated with previous use of resources should have no bearing on an agent’s decision-making process. Frequently, however, agents persist carrying on an activity they themselves judge to be nonoptimal under the circumstances because they have already allocated resources to that activity. When this is the case, agents (...) are said to be honouring sunk costs. Honouring sunk costs is thus typically viewed as irrational economic behaviour. Two striking findings of the psychological literature on the sunk cost effect are that it is, in general, not lessened by having taken previously courses in economics, and that agents who did take such courses and that do honour sunk costs seem to be frequently aware of a cognitive dissonance in their behaviour. Davidson’s account of the possibility conditions of incontinent action renders continent action materially unfeasible. The very idea of incontinent action becomes thus a hollow one. I’ll present an alternative description of these possibility conditions that renders continent action materially feasible, and both, continent and incontinent action, cognitively plausible. In a nutshell, my proposal rests upon the drawing of an essential cognitive contrast between explicit processes of deliberative reasoning and lower level heuristic procedures. I conclude the paper arguing that my redescription of incontinent action accounts for the above mentioned cognitive dissonance effect better than the alternatives and that viewing at least an important subset of behaviours of honouring sunk costs as incontinent actions will enable us to consider them as peculiar manifestations of a more general and meaningful pattern in human behaviour. (shrink)

Ce texte a déjà paru dans Etudes de lettres, « Les échelles du texte », 3/2015, p. 163-188. Nous remercions Antonio Rodriguez de nous avoir autorisé à le reproduire ici. Résumé : Les principales théories contemporaines du rythme se fondent généralement sur des aspects phoniques et prosodiques du discours et délaissent la portée visuelle du texte. Cet oubli fréquent résulte d'une longue histoire et d'une antique rivalité entre la représentation, associée à la peinture, et le rythme, rattaché à la (...) - Poétique et Études littéraires – GALERIE – Nouvel article. (shrink)

In this short introduction, the guest editors present the main themes of the special issue.

The paper introduces the concept of relativistic ontological realism, and the corresponding notion of relativistic realization of objects. The conditions that allow for the relativistic realization of objects are determined. In particular, the paper indicates the way the imposition of organizational structures on already existent objects supports the relativistic realization of new, more complex ones. A type-theoretic presentation of the principles of relativistic ontological realism is given in the language of predicate calculus, making use of the notion of typed world (...) and the condition of effectiveness in the determination of the existence of objects. Two case studies illustrating the way the notion of relativistic ontological realism supports ontological analysis are presented, both concerning the ontology of computations, more specifically, the relativistic realization of computational levels in computational systems. The first case study deals with the realization of logical circuits through structural arrangements of electrical circuits. The second, with the realization of software systems through computer programming. A conception of the mechanics of the relativistic realization of objects, taking the imposition of organizational structures on previously extant objects as its basis, is proposed and briefly analyzed. (shrink)

No prefácio da Genealogia da moral, Nietzsche anuncia que a terceira dissertação daquele livro consiste na interpretação de um aforismo. O aforismo em questão diz respeito ao perigo que representa para o homem a falta de sentido para o sofrimento e também às soluções adotadas no Ocidente para enfrentar esse perigo. De fato, a formulação daquele aforismo corresponde a um desdobramento da seção final de O mundo como vontade e representação, de Schopenhauer. Assim, a compreensão da interpretação que se segue (...) ao aforismo deve considerar esse vínculo entre a terceira dissertação da Genealogia da moral e o livro de Schopenhauer, o modo como Schopenhauer sintetiza as principais soluções para aquele problema e também a crítica de Nietzsche a Schopenhauer. Uma crítica construída em grande parte, conforme pretendo mostrar, sobre o conceito de ressentimento. (shrink)

Este estudo apresenta de forma muito breve alguns traços elementares dos apontamentos não publicados de Nietzsche sobre o tema do niilismo. Tal exposição deve permitir, por um lado, evidenciar o caráter inacabado dessas anotações e lançar luzes sobre o modo como o filósofo trabalha em sua oficina, produzindo seus textos por meio de um exercício de escrita e de reescrita, eventualmente utilizando, eventualmente abandonando o material que produz. Por outro lado, deve permitir uma retomada de algumas linhas básicas do seu (...) pensamento sobre o niilismo que ganham contornos conforme se acompanha a produção desse material, sem perder de vista, contudo, que se trata de um conteúdo intencionalmente mantido pelo filósofo em seu domínio privado e não preparado para ser levado a público. (shrink)

Aunque se ha caracterizado el pensamiento liberal-democrático como la última ideología propia del fin de la historia, en este texto se considera que tal apreciación no es correcta pues ese pensamiento se apoya fundamentalmente en dos pilares, la democracia y la defensa de unos derechos humanos, que se encuentran en una tensión, que lejos de mostrar signos de agotamiento ideológico, constituye el núcleo teórico de la reflexión jurídico-política a lo largo del siglo veinte. La prueba más evidente de tal afirmación (...) la constituye el pensamiento de autores como Kelsen, Hart y Habermas, desde el que se ha intentado lograr la armonización entre el principio de la soberanía popular y el reconocimiento de una serie de límites al ejercicio del principio de las mayorías. (shrink)

Badiou and Derrida have dedicated much of their thought to politics and the nature of the political. Calcagno shows how their views diverge and converge, providing some very intriguing developments in Continental philosophy.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este artículo de reflexión teórica es establecer un dialogo entre las ciencias sociales hoy en crisis y los aportes que encontramos en la cosmovisión me-soamericana para el diseño de una nueva matriz epistémica más ecológica y menos agresiva con la vida. En la primera parte se rastrea epistémicamente la genealogía de la cosificación de la naturaleza y de la vida que ha puesto en crisis el proyecto de la modernidad y las ciencias sociales, a partir de (...) la experiencia de la colonialidad, el ser como identidad y las matemáticas. En un segundo momento se cuestiona el eurocentrismo de las ciencias sociales y se defiende el diálogo con las otras epistemologías silenciadas por la razón occidental. De esta forma se exploran algunos aportes ontológicos de la epistemología mesoamericana para el diseño de nuevas relaciones sociales menos agresivas con la naturaleza y la vida. Finalmente se plantea favorecer los diálogos interpistémicos entre las distintas civilizaciones y culturas del mundo para abrir y repensar las ciencias sociales. ABSTRACT The objective of this article of theoretical reflection is to establish a dialogue between the social sciences, today in crisis, and the contributions found in the Me-soamerican worldview, to design a new epistemic matrix, more ecological, and less aggressive with life. In the first part, the genealogy of the reification of nature and life, that has put the project of modernity and social sciences in crisis, from the experience of coloniality, being as identity, and mathematics, is epistemically traced. In a second moment, the eurocentrism of the social sciences is questioned, and dialogue with other epistemologies, silenced by western reason, is defended. In this way, some ontological contributions of the Mesoamerican cosmovision are explored, to create new social relationships, less aggressive with nature and life. Finally, to favor the inter-epistemic dialogues between the different civilizations and cultures of the world is put forward, as a way to open and rethink social sciences. (shrink)

Este libro trata sobre algunos de los más importantes humanistas de los siglos xv y xvi, auténticos filósofos en el sentido moderno de la palabra, así como de la estrecha relación que mantuvieron con los distintos príncipes de Europa. Casi siempre en latín, su voz se oía en las Cortes y en los centros de decisión del continente, del que política y culturalmente formaban parte los reinos británicos. El diálogo y la relación entre príncipes y humanistas produjeron algunos de los (...) momentos más felices de la vida intelectual del Renacimiento. Los humanistas se dirigían a los gobernantes con ideas, opiniones y consejos, mientras que éstos, les hicieran caso o no, debían tener en cuenta lo que habían escuchado o leído. A fin de cuentas, a los soberanos les importaba mucho lo que podían pensar o escribir Erasmo, Moro, Maquiavelo, Vives, Dantisco o Arias Montano, tal y como a los Reyes Católicos —por ejemplo— les influyeron las ideas sobre España de Margarit o Lebrija. Bien mirado, podían ser considerados —y así lo fueron— como los continuadores de los clásicos griegos y latinos. (shrink)

En este artículo se propone una línea de continuidad entre el pensamiento de Zubiri y el de Ellacuría en lo que se refiere a la ¿realidad histórica¿, partiendo de la crítica que hace el primero a una concepción aristotelizante de la historia, que caracterizaría al pensamiento moderno, entendida como actualización de posibilidades. A este respecto, se analiza la fecundidad de la perspectiva de Ellacuría respecto del significado de la globalización y su tesis de la civilización de la pobreza contrastándola con (...) el análisis de Karl Otto Apel. (shrink)